> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://rocdu.gitbook.io/ingress-nginx-docs-cn/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://rocdu.gitbook.io/ingress-nginx-docs-cn/docs/examples/customization/custom-errors.md).

# Custom Errors

This example demonstrates how to use a custom backend to render custom error pages.

## Customized default backend

First, create the custom `default-backend`. It will be used by the Ingress controller later on.

```
$ kubectl create -f custom-default-backend.yaml
service "nginx-errors" created
deployment.apps "nginx-errors" created
```

This should have created a Deployment and a Service with the name `nginx-errors`.

```
$ kubectl get deploy,svc
NAME                           DESIRED   CURRENT   READY     AGE
deployment.apps/nginx-errors   1         1         1         10s

NAME                   TYPE        CLUSTER-IP  EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
service/nginx-errors   ClusterIP   10.0.0.12   <none>        80/TCP    10s
```

## Ingress controller configuration

If you do not already have an instance of the nginx Ingress controller running, deploy it according to the [deployment guide](https://github.com/du2016/ingress-nginx-docs-cn/tree/4de23547e0cca9515948b6ec6c779349f3a8ca9d/docs/deploy/README.md), then follow these steps:

1. Edit the `nginx-ingress-controller` Deployment and set the value of the `--default-backend` flag to the name of the newly created error backend.
2. Edit the `nginx-configuration` ConfigMap and create the key `custom-http-errors` with a value of `404,503`.
3. Take note of the IP address assigned to the nginx Ingress controller Service.

   ```
    $ kubectl get svc ingress-nginx
    NAME            TYPE        CLUSTER-IP  EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)          AGE
    ingress-nginx ClusterIP   10.0.0.13   <none>        80/TCP,443/TCP   10m
   ```

!!! Note The `ingress-nginx` Service is of type `ClusterIP` in this example. This may vary depending on your environment. Make sure you can use the Service to reach nginx before proceeding with the rest of this example.

## Testing error pages

Let us send a couple of HTTP requests using cURL and validate everything is working as expected.

A request to the default backend returns a 404 error with a custom message:

```
$ curl -D- http://10.0.0.13/
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Server: nginx/1.13.12
Date: Tue, 12 Jun 2018 19:11:24 GMT
Content-Type: */*
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive

<span>The page you're looking for could not be found.</span>
```

A request with a custom `Accept` header returns the corresponding document type (JSON):

```
$ curl -D- -H 'Accept: application/json' http://10.0.0.13/
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Server: nginx/1.13.12
Date: Tue, 12 Jun 2018 19:12:36 GMT
Content-Type: application/json
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive
Vary: Accept-Encoding

{ "message": "The page you're looking for could not be found" }
```

To go further with this example, feel free to deploy your own applications and Ingress objects, and validate that the responses are still in the correct format when a backend returns 503 (eg. if you scale a Deployment down to 0 replica).